Aβ42 (CSF)
Most studies over the past 20 years have consistently found lower levels of Aβ42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with Alzheimer’s disease than in controls. In general, levels in the AD group are approximately half of control levels (effect size = 0.559, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a meta-analysis found baseline levels of Aβ42 in the cerebrospinal fluid were significantly lower in people with mild cognitive impairment who went on to develop Alzheimer’s dementia.
Invasive lumbar puncture, discomfort, recovery time in clinic to decrease risk of spinal fluid leakage
physician who can preform a lumbar puncture as well as a clinic designed for this testing, equipped lab (e.g., centrifuge), a way to measure the peptide (e.g., mass spectrometer, protein assay kit, ELISA, or western blot)
Data collected by multiple groups. Alzforum meta analysis.
- “Alzheimer's Disease vs Control: Aβ42 (CSF).”Alzbiomarker. https://www.alzforum.org/alzbiomarker/meta-analysis/alzheimers-disease-vs-control-av42-csf
- Craig-Schapiro, R., Kuhn, M., Xiong, C., Pickering, E. H., Liu, J., Misko, T. P., ... & Holtzman, D. M. (2011). Multiplexed immunoassay panel identifies novel CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and prognosis. PloS one, 6(4), e18850
- “MCI-AD vs MCI-Stable: Aβ42 (CSF).” Alzbiomarker. https://www.alzforum.org/alzbiomarker/meta-analysis/mci-ad-vs-mci-stable-av42-csf
- Rani, P., Krishnan, S., & Rani Cathrine, C. (2017). Study on analysis of peripheral biomarkers for alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 8, 328. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769864