Neurogranin
In recent years, studies have found the synaptic protein neurogranin to be consistently higher in people with Alzheimer’s disease compared with controls (effect size = 1.937, p <0.0001). Furthermore, baseline levels of the synaptic protein neurogranin were significantly higher in people with mild cognitive impairment who went on to develop Alzheimer’s dementia than in those who did not decline at follow-up (effect size = 1.542, p = 0.00299). These results were not consistent in plasma levels of neurograin (Levels of neurogranin in the plasma did not differ between people with Alzheimer’s disease and controls (effect size = 0.714, p = 0.25272)).
Invasive lumbar puncture, discomfort, recovery time in clinic to decrease risk of spinal fluid leakage
physican who can preform a lumbar puncture as well as a clinic designed for this testing, equipped lab (e.g., centrifuge), a way to measure the peptide (e.g.,mass spectrometer, protein assay kit, ELISA, or western blot)
Data collected by multiple groups. Alzforum meta analysis.
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“Alzheimer's Disease vs Control: neurogranin (CSF).” Alzbiomarker. https://www.alzforum.org/alzbiomarker/meta-analysis/alzheimers-disease-vs-control-neurogranin-csf
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“Alzheimer's Disease vs Control: neurogranin (Plasma).” Alzbiomarker. https://www.alzforum.org/alzbiomarker/meta-analysis/alzheimers-disease-vs-control-neurogranin-plasma
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“MCI-AD vs MCI-Stable: neurogranin (CSF).” Alzbiomarker. https://www.alzforum.org/alzbiomarker/meta-analysis/mci-ad-vs-mci-stable-neurogranin-csf