Biomarkers

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ResearchersAgainstAlzheimer's would like to thank Roche Diagnostics for their support of this project.
Return to the full list of Biomarkers

TNF-α (plasma)

Method of Measurement (Pre-analytical Tools)
Blood/Plasma
Biomarker Measured
Inflammation
Use
Diagnostic
Stage of Development
Clinical trials
Active vs Completed Trials
Completed
Aim/Results

TNF-α (inflammatory cytokine) concentrations are significantly increased in MCI patients and this difference was maintained into AD progression. This implies that increased serum TNF-α in adult individuals with an abnormal MMSE test may serve as an early biomarker of MCI and AD development.

What is Required from Patients

blood draw, mild discomfort, in clinic visits

What is Required from the Health System

phlebotomist, equipped lab (e.g., centrifuge), a way to measure the peptide (e.g.,mass spectrometer, protein assay kit, ELISA, western blot, or qPCR)

  1. Belkhelfa, M., Rafa, H., Medjeber, O., Arroul-Lammali, A., Behairi, N., Abada-Bendib, M., ... & Touil-Boukoffa, C. (2014). IFN-γ and TNF-α are involved during Alzheimer disease progression and correlate with nitric oxide production: a study in Algerian patients. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, 34(11), 839-847. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24831467

  2. Castillo, L. M., Moreno, E., Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y., Chávez-Oliveros, M., Trujillo, Z., Espinosa, B., ... & Guevara, J. (2015). IL-1β, TNF-α and Sambucus nigra Reactive Serum Proteins as Biomarkers of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Progression. Advances in Alzheimer's Disease, 4(04), 99. http://file.scirp.org/Html/1-2440107_61894.htm

  3. Sharma, N., & Singh, A. N. (2016). Exploring biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 10(7), KE01. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5020308/